Evaluating Nature-Based Solutions Implementation Factors in Urban Green Infrastructure Using SWARA in Fermatean Fuzzy Environment

Abstract

Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) have emerged as effective approaches in urban planning by leveraging natural processes to address interconnected environmental, social, and economic challenges while enhancing the development of urban green infrastructure. However, despite increasing scholarly attention, their practical implementation remains constrained by the lack of systematic approaches for identifying and prioritizing key influencing factors. This study proposes a multi criteria decision making method in fuzzy environment, represented by Fermatean fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (FF-SWARA) framework to evaluate the relative importance of factors affecting the successful implementation of NBSs in urban green infrastructure. Data were collected from four experts with relevant domain knowledge, who assessed six identified influential factors using linguistic evaluations. The results indicate that integrated governance strategies (C3) and financial resources and economic benefits (C4) are the most influential factors, highlighting their critical roles in facilitating effective NBS implementation.